Transmission system



ufil-ifiw 15, 1542. CROOK TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Filed Nov. 30, 1938 [ouia 11. 02 0073 Patented Dec. 15, 1942 Louis 1!. Crook. Washington,

D. 0., anignor to The Second National Bank of Washington, trustee, Washington, D. 0.

Application November 30, 1938, Serial No. 243,265

23 Claim.

This invention is related to transmission sysceiving apparatus by an energy guide along a I single channel.

It is an objectoi "this invention to provide a transmission system employing only a single conductor, and having generating and receiving apparatus housed by and within the conductor.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a transmission system employing an elongated solid body as an energy guide with portions of the body shaped to provide reflecting means.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a transmission system employing a solid conductor having vibratory terminal means therein ior conductive connection to generating and receiving apparatus respectively.

It is a further object this invention to provide an energy guide of conductive metal having portions thereof shaped to define housings to accornmodate therein generating and receiving ap paratus, respectively.

It is a iurther object of this invention to provide a transmission system employing a single solid conductor as an energy guide.

It is a iurther object of this invention to provide a transmission system employing an elongated solid body as an energy guide, and having vibratory terminals positioned within the body and in atomic contact with the material of the body.

It is a further object of this invention to provide body 'means aiiording a boundary layer bounding a channel to guide energy between longitudinally spaced points, with vibratory terminal means positioned within the body means and within a zone bounded by the boundary layer.

It is a iurther object of this invention to provide an elongated body means affording a boom dary layer bounding a channel to guide energy. with gene-eating and receiving apparatus, respoctively, disposed within said body and within a zone hounded by the boundary layer.

(lther and further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description and accompanying drawing.

Figure 1 is a sectional view of an energy guide, with parts broken, and with parts indicated diagrammatically,

Figure 3 is a sectional view of a modified of energy guide, with parts broken, and with parts indicated diagrammatically.

.gla s, for instance,

Figure 3 is a sectional view of a modified form of energy guide, with parts broken, and with parts indicated diagramatically.

Figure 4 is a sectional view of a modified iorm oi energy guide, with parts broken, and with parts indicated diagrammatically.

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view of details of a portion of the apparatus shown in the preceding figures, with parts broken.

In Figure 1 there is indicated generally by the numeral ii a solid metallic body oi. conductive material, such as copper, which body comprises an elongated portion ii providing a guide or transmission line connecting enlarged end portions defining reflectors I! and it at the ends of the body.

In the reflector ii there is positioned terminal means indicated generally at it connected to a generator I! of potentials at high frequencies by a wire I 8.

The terminal means it includes a vibratory quartz crystal terminal I! having its face il in atomic contact with the material of the body ii. The face I! is not merely touching the material of the body, but is so intimately bonded thereto that the expression atomic contact seems best to indicate a bond more intimate than can be usually obtained by moderate pressure alone.

It is known that metal can be soldered to with the term solder indicating more than mere touching.

The crystal I1 is suitably backed by a metal electrode II, to which the wire it is connected. and the metal electrode is suitably insulated by insulation 20 from a metallic extension 2i 0! a shield 22 which houses the generator ii having a terminal in conductive connection therewith. The wire iii is suitably insulated from the shield by insulation 28. The crystal il maybe variously mounted with reference to the rear, electrode and v to the shield, and the mounting described herein is by way of illustration, and not by way of limitation to specific mounting details with reference to the rear electrode and associated parts.

The generator ll of electric potential at high irequencies excites the crystal ll, causing the crystal to vibrate in a manner well understood by those iamiliar with the radio communication art.

The excited crystal ii, in turn, excites the pat-- ticles of the metallic body, and sets up a. ileld oi energy which is reflected in the reflector i 2 and then propagated by guide portion ll of the metallic body.

The electro-mechanical disturbance caused by the excited crystal is reflected and propagated to the frequencies employed.

within the skin or boundary layer of the body. This boundary is indicated generally by the numerals 21. It will be understood, of course, that in indicating the boundary of the body, the problem is much like that of indicating the boundary of a glass rod or lens, and a line indicating the boundary is made of substantial thickness for purposes oi illustration, and not to indicate the depth of the boundary. The Kennelly-Heaviside layer, or boundary, for instance, is susceptible of being indicated by a line.

It will be obvious that ii the disturbance set up by the excited crystal i7 is to be propagated without unwanted reflections in the material of the body i8, then the body should be homogeneous. When the body is homogeneous, the disturbance will be propagated entirely within the boundary layer of the body. Frequencies and wave lengths are contemplated in the propagation of the disturbance such that hard spots and soit spots in the metal oi the body will cause unwanted reflection of the propagated energy.

A quartz crystal is illustrated in the terminal. means H, not by way of limitation, but as indicative of means to excite the material of the body. Excitation of the material of the body is not thought or" as in connection with thermal agitation of particles, but, instead, with the electric and magnetic phenomena associated with movement of the body particles and their associated electronic systems.

in the reflector 18 there is positioned terminal means 25,. similar to those described in connection with the generator 15, but connected to receiver means 25 responsive to the signal energy sent out by the generator when a quartz crystal terminal El becornes excited by the disturbance propagated th ough the guide ii, and reflected and concentrated in the reflector IS.

The face 25 of the crystal terminal is in atomic contact the material of the body Ill.

The crystal 2'? is backed by a metallic electrode 2! which is connected to the receiver 28 by a wire 30 carried through a metallic shielding extension 35 of a metallic shielding housing 32, housing the receiver 25, and suitably insulated therefrom by insulation 33. The metallic electrode 28 is insulated from the shield extension 3i by insulation 34.

It is well understood that there is a best frequency or range frequencies or wave lengths for trans-ltlantic communication "with reference to the Raunchy-Heaviside layer of boundary position and disposition, so it will be obvious that the frequencies employed in the propagation of a disturbance through the guide ii will be reference to the diameter, length, and material of the guide medi i, and that the shape of the reflectors l2 l3 will be chosen with reference and 2'! ma lnive their faces The crystals" s sjiosed with draped and of bound ry lay ctor are a a in al.- In the form the b G illustrated in 2, the is extended beyond thereflectors and it to define integrally formed and hollow ousings 35 and '36. the ge and the rose i in; them wit. n the boundary reflectors as the c similar to that s 1 e l, and Sll'i'llu.ls have been employed to indicate rte.

. of metal and having an integrally formed en In the modified form of. i J in Figure 3, the integrally formed housings 31 and 38 form the ends of the and the crystal terminals ii and 27 are within the guide portion II. The terminal arrangement is similar to that described in com nection with Figure 1, and similar numerals have been employed to indicate similar parts. is indicated at N, portions of the housings 3!, 33, 1'1, and 38 are made movable to permit access the generating and receiving equi .4.

The crystals i1 and I! obviously will be placed in the medium with reference to determinable constants, which constants include the length and diameter of the guide if, the nature or the medium II, and the frequencies employed, in a manner analogous to that in whic transmitters are positioned with reference to arrays, frequent employed, and so on, in radio communication.

As shown in Figure 4,. the crystals 4! and 2? may be placed in the "eye oi the reflector, and the tubular portion or extension ill of the shield is then soldered or fused to the body H, as iii-- dicated at 40.

As hereinbefore stated, the disturbance is set up and propagated within the body ll, without aiiecting similar bodies in proximity thereto. However, means are contemplated, but not de scribed herein, for eflecting control of the output oi. the generator 15 without having to have recourse to wires extending from the body ll. Means are also contemplated, but not described herein, for having access to the signals received by the receiver without necessitating the use of wires extending from. the body II.

I am aware that many changes may he made and numerous details of construction. may be varied through a wide range without departin: from the principles or this invention, and I, therefore, do not purpose limiting the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

l. A transmission system comprising a single solid elongated body of metal and having genersting means and receiving means, respectively, housed by said body.

2. In a transmission system, energy guiding means comprising an elongated and solid body at metal and having integrally formed and hollow ends adapted to house concreting means and receiving means, respeotivis 3. In a transmission system. enemy guiding means comprising an elongated and solid body oi metal and having integrally formed enlarged end portions shaped to define reflecting means.

4. a transmission system, energy guiding means comprising an elongated and solid larged portion shaped to define reflecting means.

5. In a transmission system, energy guiding means comprising a solid elongated body of metal and having an integrally formed and hollow portion adapted to house energy utilizing means.

6. In a transmission system, energy grueling means comprising an elongated and solid body having integrally formed and hollow portions adapted to house generating means and receiving means, respectively, and also having integrally formed enlarged portions shaped c23- time energy reflecting means.

i. in a transmission 111638.215 comprising :11"; 8

receiving means, respectively, and also having integrally formed enlarged portions shaped to define reflecting means disposed immediately adjacent said hollow portions.

8. A transmission system comprising an elon-' gated solid body of metal, and means in said body and surrounded by the material of said body to produce electro-mechanical. movement of the material of said body.

9. In a transmission system, energy guidin means comprising an elongated and solid body provided with integrally formed terminal means shaped to define energy reflecting means.

10. A transmission system comprising an elongated solid body of metal having longitudinally spaced and integrally formed hollow portions, and having generating means and receiving means, respectively, housed by said hollow portlons.

11. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed of a solid body of metal having an elongated portion provided with integrally formed and longitudinally spaced hollow portions, generating means and receiving means, respectively, housed by said hollow portions, vibratory terminal means disposed in said body and in atomic contact with the material thereof, and in conductive connection with said generating means and said receiving means, respec tively.

12. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed of a solid body 01 metal having an elongated portion connecting enlarged and integrally formed end portions defining reflectors, vibratory terminal means embedded in said end portions and in atomic contact with the material of said body, generator means, receiver means, "wires conductively connecting said terminals to said generator means and said re ceiver means, respectively, and metallic shielding means arranged housing said generator means and said receiver means and said connecting wires, and having portions thereof entered in the end portions of said body.

13. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed cl :1. solid metallic body having an elongated portion connecting enlarged and integrally formed end portions shaped to de fine reflectors, vibratory terminals embedded in said end portions and in atomic contact with the material of said body, generator means, receiver means, wires conductively connecting said terminals to said generator means and said receiver means, respectively, and metallic shielding means arranged housing said generator means and said receiver means and said connecting wires, and having portions thereof entered in said end portions oi said body.

14. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed of a solid metallic body oi. metal having an elongated portion connecting enlarged and integrally Iormed end portions shaped to define reflectors, and vibratory termi nal means embedded in said end portions and in atomic contact with the metal of said body.

housed by said end portions, and energy trans gated and solid body of metal or high current-- conductivity, means including said conductor dieforming means in shielded relation to said body and conductively connected to said terminal means.

16. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed of a body of metal having an elongated portion provided with integrally formed and hollow ends, vibratory terminal means embedded in said body and in atomic contact with the material of said body, and energy transforming means housed by said hollow ends and conductively connected to said terminal means.

17. In a transmission system, energy guiding means formed of a body of metal having an elongated portion connecting integrally formed end portions shaped to define reflector means, and vibratory terminal means in said end portions and in atomic contact with the material thereof.

18. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed of an elongated body, means including said body defining a boundary layer bounding a charmel for the propagation of radio waves, and transmitting and receiving means, respectively, disposed in said body within a zone bounded by said boundary layer.

19. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed of an elongated solid body,

means including said body deflning a boundary layer bounding a channel for the propagation of radio waves, and vibratory terminal means disposed in said body and within a zone bounded by said boundary layer.

20. A radio transmission system comprising energy guiding means. formed of an elongated body of metal, means including said body definlug a boundary layer bounding a channel for the propagation of radio waves, vibratory terminals positioned within said channel, a metallic housing containing energy transforming means and disposed externally of said body but conductively connected thereto, and wires connecting said energy transforming means and shielded by said housing forming a conductive connection between said terminals and said energy transfo means.

21. A transmission system comprising energy guiding means formed or an elongated body of metal, means including said body defining a boundary layer bounding a channel for the propagation of radio waves, vibratory terminals positioned within said channel, energy transforming means, metallic means housing and shielding said energy transforming means and having a portion thereof entered in said body, and wires housed in said shielding means forming a conductive connection between said energy-tranc forming means and said terminals.

22. In a transmission system, an elongated body of current conducting metal, and vibratory,

terminal means in said body and in atomic contact with the material of said body.

23. A transmission system comprising anelonfining ale'hannel bounded by a boundary layer, and vibratory terminal means disposed within said conductor and within the zone therein hounded by said boundary layer.

LOUIS B; 

